Mastering Blockchain Programming with Solidity : Write Production-Ready Smart Contracts for Ethereum Blockchain with Solidity

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright and Credits -- Dedication -- About Packt -- Foreword -- Contributors -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Section 1: Getting Started with Blockchain, Ethereum, and Solidity -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Blockchain -- Understanding blockchain -- Blockchain solves the double-spending problem -- Properties of blockchain -- Distributed ledger -- Fault tolerance -- Attack resistance -- Remove intermediaries -- Consensus protocol -- Faster settlement -- Lower transaction fees -- Transparency -- Immutability -- Irreversible transactions -- Trust in the network -- Artificial trust -- Trustless systems -- Availability -- Empower individuals -- Chronological order of transactions -- Timestamped -- Sealed with cryptography -- When to use blockchain -- When not to use blockchain -- Blockchain is slow -- Blockchain depends on off-chain oracles -- Existing implementations of blockchain -- Cross-border payments -- Decentralized cloud storage -- Decentralized computing -- Introduction to Ethereum -- Ethereum is for writing decentralized applications -- Ethereum architecture -- P2P networks -- Nodes -- Full nodes -- Lightweight nodes -- Miners -- Blocks -- Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) -- Ether currency -- Smallest unit - wei -- Gas -- Gas limit -- Gas price -- Formulas -- Example -- Ethereum accounts -- Externally owned accounts -- Contract accounts -- The difference between an EOA and a contract -- Ethereum transaction -- Transaction fields -- From -- To -- Value -- Gas limit -- Gas price -- Nonce -- Data -- Transaction hash -- Transaction status -- Pending status -- Success status -- Fail status -- Dropped status -- Transaction operations -- Replace/update -- Cancel -- Testnets -- Smart contracts -- Immutable code -- Irreversible transactions -- Think twice before deploying -- Limited storage ; Every transaction consumes gas in ether -- Playing with ether or tokens -- Summary -- Questions -- Chapter 2: Getting Started with Solidity -- Introduction to the Solidity language -- The layout of a Solidity source file -- Solidity version with pragma -- Importing other source files -- Structure of a contract -- Declaring state variables -- Writing function definitions -- Creating a custom modifier using function modifiers -- Using events for logging and callback -- Custom data types with struct -- Custom types for constants with enum -- Solidity data types -- Understanding Solidity value types -- Integer value type -- Boolean value type -- Address value type -- Reading a contract's ether balance -- Sending ether using transfer -- Sending ether using send -- Understanding call and delegatecall functions -- Understanding the staticcall function -- Adjust gas for a transaction using gas -- Forwarding ether to another contract -- Changes in Solidity version 0.5.0 -- Fixed size byte arrays -- Dynamically sized byte arrays -- Understanding the bytes data type -- Understanding the string type -- Passing functions using function types -- Get a function type with function selector -- Using internal function types -- Using external function types -- Solidity reference types -- Understanding variables' data locations in Solidity -- Using arrays in Solidity -- Creating a key value map using mapping -- Resetting variables using the delete keyword -- Assigning variables with units -- Specifying ether amounts using ether units -- Supported units for time -- Global special variables and functions -- Using block and transaction properties -- Getting block information using the block variable -- Getting sender transaction info using the msg variable -- Getting the current time using the now variable -- Getting transaction info using the tx variable ; Special functions -- Application Binary Interface encoding functions -- Error handling in Solidity -- Cryptographic functions -- Contract-related functions -- Get the contract address using this keyword -- Destroying contracts using the selfdestruct function -- Destroying contracts using the suicide function -- Topics for self-study -- Summary -- Questions -- Further reading -- Chapter 3: Control Structures and Contracts -- Understanding Solidity control structures -- Returning multiple values from function -- Expression evaluation order -- Solidity contracts -- Creating contracts -- Creating child contracts using the new keyword -- Using variable and function visibility -- Getter functions for state variables -- Creating custom function modifiers -- Creating constant state variables -- Understanding types of Solidity functions -- Using view functions to read state variables -- Using pure functions to perform calculations -- Using the default fallback function -- Overloading functions -- Overriding function definition -- Using emit and events for event logging -- Inheriting contracts -- Passing arguments for the base constructor -- Understanding inheritance linearization -- Creating abstract contracts -- Creating interfaces -- Creating custom reusable libraries -- Using libraries with - using...for directive -- Summary -- Questions -- Section 2: Deep Dive into Development Tools -- Chapter 4: Learning MetaMask and Remix -- Technical requirements -- Using the MetaMask plugin -- Installing and setting up the MetaMask plugin -- Connecting to different Ethereum networks -- Getting test ether from faucets -- Other features of the MetaMask plugin -- Using the Remix Solidity IDE -- The Remix IDE overview -- Compiler tools present under the Compile tab -- Understanding the Run tab -- Selecting the environment to connect with ; Choosing different wallet accounts -- Transaction parameters -- Selecting the contract to use -- Using deploy and attach -- Deploying a contract -- Initiating a transaction to execute the function -- Initiating a call to a view function and state variables -- Connecting the contract folder using remixd -- Setting up a local instance of the Remix IDE -- Using the blockchain explorer at etherscan.io -- Ethereum wallet software -- Using myetherwallet.com -- Summary -- Questions -- Chapter 5: Using Ganache and the Truffle Framework -- Technical requirements -- Local blockchain with Ganache -- Starting a local blockchain -- Creating workspaces for projects -- Ganache advance configuration -- The command-line version of Ganache -- Understanding Truffle framework -- Setting up a Truffle project -- Truffle configuration files -- Configuring the Solidity compiler -- Configuring networks -- Choosing which blockchain client to use -- Personal blockchain client -- Running blockchain nodes -- Using Infura -- Writing contract migration scripts -- Trigger migration using the migrate option -- Sample migration script -- Using artifacts.require() to get the contract instance -- Using module.exports -- Deployer -- Network considerations -- Available accounts -- Writing test cases -- Writing test cases in JavaScript using Mocha -- Writing test cases in Solidity -- Debug transactions -- Summary -- Questions -- Chapter 6: Taking Advantage of Code Quality Tools -- Technical requirements -- Using the surya tool -- Installing surya -- Using surya describe -- Generating an inheritance graph -- Generating a function call graph -- Parsing contracts -- Generating function traces -- Listing inheritance dependencies -- Generating the markdown report -- Understanding Solidity linters -- Using the solhint linter -- Installing the solhint linter -- Using solhint ; Using the ethlint linter -- Installing ethlint -- Using solium -- The solidity-coverage tool -- Installing solidity-coverage -- Using solidity-coverage -- Summary -- Questions -- Section 3: Mastering ERC Standards and Libraries -- Chapter 7: ERC20 Token Standard -- Technical requirements -- Overview of the ERC20 token standard -- Use of ERC20 in crowdfunding -- The motivation behind the ERC20 standard -- ERC20 standard API -- ERC20 implementation -- Contract state variables -- The balances variable stores account balance -- The allowed variable stores approved balances -- The totalSupply variable stores the total token supply -- The transfer function -- Difference between the ether and token transfer functions -- Token transfer does not notify the contact -- Tokens can be locked -- The transfer transaction details -- The approve function -- Front-running attack on the approve function -- Preventing a front-running attack -- The transferFrom function -- Two-step process for contracts -- The allowance function -- The balanceOf function -- The totalSupply function -- Events -- The Transfer event -- The Approval event -- Optional functions -- The name function -- The symbol function -- The decimals function -- Advanced functions -- The increaseApproval function -- The decreaseApproval function -- Summary -- Questions -- Chapter 8: ERC721 Non-Fungible Token Standard -- Technical requirements -- Overview of the ERC721 NFT standard -- The ERC721 NFT standard API interface -- Understanding the ERC721 implementation -- ERC721 inherits from IERC721 and ERC165 -- ERC721 inherits from ERC165 -- ERC721 inherits from IERC721 -- Understanding ERC721 state variables -- Token owner mapping kept in _tokenOwner -- Approved address mapping kept in _tokenApprovals -- The number of tokens per owner kept in _ownedTokensCount -- Operator approvals kept in _operatorApprovals ; The ERC165 interface code for the ERC721, _INTERFACE_ID_ERC721